Center for Assurance Research and Engineering

Michele Alt

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Michele Alt specializes in applications, business plan development, and regulatory strategy & engagement.

Michele helps banks and fintechs navigate the complicated regulatory issues that are critical to their growth and sustainability. She’s particularly focused on helping fintechs develop their U.S. bank licensing strategies and draft their U.S. business plans. Michele joined Klaros from Promontory Financial Group, where she led a number of major bank licensing efforts and assisted numerous major banking organizations on a range of Dodd-Frank and Volcker Rule interpretive and implementation matters. Before joining Promontory, Michele spent 22 years in the Law Department of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. During the financial crisis and in the years immediately following, Michele was a leader in the Law Department’s Legislative and Regulatory Activities section, heading up numerous interagency rulemakings arising out of the Dodd-Frank legislation and serving as the agency’s legal point person on federal preemption issues. Michele also served as OCC’s district counsel in Chicago, leading a team of financial lawyers handling licensing and enforcement matters. She began her career as a judicial clerk on the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. 

She received her BA from the University of Michigan and her JD from Wayne State University, where she was an editor of the law review.

Coy Garrison

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Coy Garrison, a former SEC counsel and career staffer, is a partner in Steptoe’s Government Affairs & Public Policy practice and the Financial Innovation & Regulation practices.  Coy advises private fintech companies, public companies, and financial institutions on how to navigate challenging legal and regulatory issues related to crypto and blockchain technology. He also advises public companies on disclosure, securities law compliance, governance, sustainability, cybersecurity risk management and incident disclosure, and general corporate law matters.

Blockchain and Cryptocurrency

Drawing on more than eight years of experience at the SEC and his technical understanding of federal securities laws, he provides regulatory counsel to help crypto clients meet their legal obligations, manage risk, and achieve their business goals.

Coy also blends his public policy experience with his granular knowledge of the securities laws to guide clients in legislative and regulatory advocacy before Congress, federal financial regulators, and self-regulatory organizations. He provides tailored analyses of how proposed legislation and financial regulations would impact clients in this fast-evolving industry.

A trusted thought leader in the industry, Coy has testified before Congress on crypto market structure issues and the scope of federal securities laws. He provides strategic advice to clients facing issues before the House Financial Services Committee, Senate Banking Committee, and both Agriculture Committees.

Prior to joining Steptoe, Coy served as counsel to SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce and to former Director of the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance, Bill Hinman. As Commissioner Peirce’s lead advisor on crypto matters, Coy counseled her on SEC crypto enforcement matters, was responsible for crafting crypto policy positions, including composing token sale safe harbor proposals. As counsel to the Division of Corporation Finance Director, Coy coordinated and advised on reviews of registration statements for crypto exchange-traded products and token offerings, represented the Commission on the FSOC’s Digital Assets Working Group, and worked closely with the director of FinHub on a variety of matters.

Financial Services

Coy’s financial services practice involves counseling public companies and their boards on SEC reporting and disclosure requirements, proxy matters, and shareholder proposals. His representation focuses on newly public companies, emerging growth companies, and foreign private issuers that are seeking practical and sound advice.

Coy helps clients resolve novel and complex securities law issues and navigate bureaucracies at the SEC and other federal and state financial regulators. Coy also advises clients seeking to balance new ESG disclosure obligations with competing political pressures.

He guides trade associations, SEC registrants, and public companies in their policy advocacy before Congress, the SEC, and other federal financial regulators.

Coy brings fresh insights to clients based on his years of service at the SEC. As counsel to the Commissioner, he advised on major rulemakings relating to public company disclosure and capital formation, including on cybersecurity and climate-related information. Coy also previously served as special counsel in the SEC’s Office of Real Estate and Commodities, where he led the agency’s disclosure review program for the non-listed REIT industry. Coy started his career at the SEC as an attorney-adviser in the Office of Real Estate and Commodities and also served as a reviewer on the SEC’s Shareholder Proposal Task Force.

John Reed Stark

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John Reed Stark, President of John Reed Stark Consulting, LLC

  • 15 years as an SEC enforcement attorney leading cyber-related projects, investigations and broad range of substantial and pioneering SEC enforcement actions;
  • 11 years as Founder and Chief of the SEC Office of Internet Enforcement;
  • 5 years as Senior Lecturer of Law at Duke University School of Law and 15 years as an Adjunct Professor at Georgetown University Law School teaching a cyber-law course;
  • 10 years as a Guest Instructor teaching an annual law enforcement and technology in-service lecture at the FBI Academy;
  • 5+ years as Managing Director (three as head of the Washington, D.C. office) of a global digital risk management firm, leading cybersecurity, incident response and digital compliance engagements for corporations and regulated entities; and
  • 20 years as a globally recognized data security expert and published author and commentator.

Over the last 35 years, John Reed Stark’s name has become synonymous with data breach response, cybersecurity and digital regulatory compliance. As President of John Reed Stark Consulting LLC, Mr. Stark’s work emphasizes quarterbacking teams of technical, compliance and legal experts in data breach, cyber-incident response, digital forensics, security science, cyber risk resilience and investigations for a broad range of public and private companies, professional service firms (including law firms) and government agencies. Mr. Stark is a well known cybersecurity expert and the author of The Cybersecurity Due Diligence Handbook, the first and only book of its kind.

Mr. Stark also serves as an expert in engagements pertaining to technological aspects of investigations, prosecutions and enforcement matters conducted by the SEC, FINRA and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and aids in structuring and running corporate compliance projects for broker-dealers, investment advisers and other regulated entities. Mr. Stark also provides neutral expert testimony in the realm of securities regulation on behalf of individuals, entities and government agencies, including in opposition to, and on behalf of, the SEC and other government agencies.

During Mr. Stark’s 11-year tenure as Founder and Chief of the SEC’s Office of Internet Enforcement, he led an extensive range of substantial and pioneering SEC enforcement actions. During Mr. Stark’s 5-year tenure as Managing Director and Washington, D.C. office head at Stroz, Friedberg, an international digital risk management firm, he gained an unusual breadth of experience in the realm of technology-related law enforcement and regulation; in cyber-incident response and digital risk resilience; and in leading all varieties of technology-related crisis management.

In addition to authoring over one hundred articles about cyber-related topics, including regulation, compliance, risk resilience and incident response, Mr. Stark has been a frequent guest commentator in the national media on cybersecurity, securities regulation and other related areas. Mr. Stark also wrote a column for Compliance Week magazine and his own blog, entitled “Stark on IR,” on Cybersecurity Docket (where he is also contributing editor) and a column for Law360.

Mr. Stark also served: 1) For 15 years as an adjunct professor at Georgetown University Law School, where he taught a course on law/regulation/cybercrime and technology; and 2) Since 2017 as Senior Lecturing Fellow at Duke University Law School (Winter Session in 2017 and 2018, Spring and Fall semesters in 2019, 2020, 2021) teaching a course entitled,”Legal Issues of Cybersecurity and Data Breach Response.” Mr. Stark has also taught a range of in-service sessions on cybercrime at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia.

Mr. Stark is also a member of the Duke University School of Law Board of Visitors and the James B. Duke Society.

Gary B. Gorton

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Gary B. Gorton is a professor of finance at Yale School of Management. Prior to being at Yale Professor Gorton was the Robert Morris Professor of Banking and Finance at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he worked for 24 years starting in the fall of 1983. He was also Professor of Economics in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania, and is currently a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He is a former member of the Moody’s Investors Services Academic Advisory Panel. He is also the former Director of the Research Program on Banks and the Economy for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He has taught at the Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, and previously worked as an economist and senior economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. During 1994 he was the Houblon-Norman Fellow at the Bank of England.

Dr. Gorton has done research in many areas of finance, including both theoretical and empirical work. Specific research has focused on the role of stock markets and banks, credit cycles, arbitrage pricing, commodity futures, bank capital, bank production of liquidity, loan sales, securitization, bank loan pricing, and bank regulation. Dr. Gorton also works on corporate control issues and asset pricing theory, including models of asset price bubbles and game theoretic models of trading and asset pricing. His research has been published in the American Economic Review, the Review of Economic Studies, the Review of Financial Studies, the Journal of Economic Theory, the Journal of Political Economy, the Journal of Finance, the Journal of Monetary Economics, the Journal of Business, and the Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, among other places.

Dr. Gorton is a member of the American Finance Association, the American Economic Association, and the Econometric Society. He was an editor of the Review of Economic Studies and the Review of Financial Studies. He is now, or has been in the past, on the editorial boards of many journals including Journal of Financial Services Research, the Journal of Financial Intermediation, the Journal of Financial Markets, the Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, Advances in International Banking and Finance, Finance Letters, and the Economic Policy Review (of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York). He is the former editor of the Review of Financial Studies and a former director of the Western Finance Association.

Dr. Gorton has consulted for the U.S. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, various U.S. Federal Reserve Banks, the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan, and the Central Bank of Turkey. He has also consulted for a number of private firms.

Dr. Gorton received his doctorate in Economics from the University of Rochester. In the field of Economics, he received Master’s degrees in economics at the University of Rochester and Cleveland State University, and also received a Master’s degree in Chinese Studies from the University of Michigan.

Greg Baer

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Greg Baer is the President and Chief Executive Officer at the Bank Policy Institute. Previously, he served as President of The Clearing House Association and Executive Vice President and General Counsel of The Clearing House Payments Company, the largest private sector payments operator in the United States.

Prior to joining The Clearing House, Mr. Baer was Managing Director and Head of Regulatory Policy at JPMorgan Chase. He previously served as General Counsel for Corporate and Regulatory Law at JPMorgan Chase, supervising the company’s legal work with respect to financial reporting, global regulatory affairs, intellectual property, private equity and corporate M&A, and data protection and privacy.

Mr. Baer previously served as Deputy General Counsel for Corporate Law at Bank of America, and as a partner and co-head of the financial institutions group at Wilmer, Cutler, Pickering, Hale & Dorr. From 1999 to 2001, Mr. Baer served as Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions at the U.S. Department of the Treasury, after serving as Deputy Assistant Secretary. Prior to working for the Treasury Department, Mr. Baer was managing senior counsel at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Mr. Baer received his J.D. cum laude from Harvard Law School in 1987, and served as managing editor of the Harvard Law Review. He received his A.B. with honors from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1984.

Mr. Baer also serves as an adjunct professor at Georgetown University Law School. He currently serves on the board of Honors Carolina, and previously served on the boards of Enterprise Community Partners, the DC College Access Program, and the Appleseed Foundation. He is also the author of two books: The Great Mutual Fund Trap (Random House, 2002) and Life: The Odds (And How to Improve Them) (Penguin-Putnam, 2003).

Elizabeth McCaul

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Elizabeth McCaul is a former member of the Supervisory Board of the ECB.

Her areas of interest include supervisory strategy, risk, capital, internal governance, and consistency and quality across European banking supervision. She focuses on prudential implications in dynamic areas such as financial stability, climate change, fintech and anti-money laundering.

Ms. McCaul joined the New York State Banking Department as First Deputy in 1995 and served as New York Superintendent of Banks from 1997-2003. She was elected Chair of the Conference of State Bank Supervisors, and served as a member of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, on the Joint Forum on Financial Conglomerates, and as an instructor for the Financial Stability Institute at the Bank for International Settlements.

Before joining the ECB, she worked for Promontory Financial Group, where she founded the New York office as Partner-in-Charge, before serving as CEO and Chair of Europe, and Global Head of Strategy.

For the first decade of her career she was an investment banker at Goldman Sachs.

Robert H. Ledig

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Robert H. Ledig is Managing Director of the Financial Technology & Cybersecurity Center. He is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Assurance Research and Engineering at George Mason University’s College of Engineering and Computing. He is an Adjunct Professor of Law at George Mason Univerity’s (GMU’s) Scalia Law School.

He has extensive experience in banking and financial services regulation and related financial technology, privacy and information security, corporate, securities, administrative law, and litigation matters. He has written and spoken widely on financial services issues.

He is an editor and author of a number of books, including: The Volcker Rule: Commentary and Analysis (Thomson Reuters 2014), Dechert LLP’s Analysis of Financial Regulatory Reform [Dodd-Frank Act] for the American Bankers Association (2010), 21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce (1998), Management of Risks Created by Internet-Initiated Value Transfers (National Automated Clearing House Association 1995), The Fair Lending Guide (Glasser Legal Works 1995), and Contracting with the RTC and FDIC (Prentice Hall Law and Business 1991). He was Chair of the Electronic Financial Services Subcommittee of the Cyberspace Committee of the American Bar Association.

He was Director of the Program on Financial Regulation & Technology and a Professor of Law at Scalia Law School from 2018 to 2021. He taught classes on FinTech, Regulation of Financial Institutions, Banking Law, and Privacy & Information Security Law. Prior to that he was an Adjunct Professor of Law at the school for more than 20 years.

He was a partner at Vartanian & Ledig, PLLC, a Washington, D.C. financial services law firm, from 2018 to 2023. He practiced law in the Financial Services groups at Dechert LLP and Fried Frank Harris Shriver & Jacobson LLP from 1984 to 2018. Prior to that, he was an attorney at the Federal Home Loan Bank Board.

He has a J.D. from George Washington University Law School and a B.A. from Harpur College at the State University of New York at Binghamton.

William M. Isaac

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William “Bill” Isaac is Chairman of Secura/Isaac Group, a global advisory firm serving the financial services industry. Bill has an unparalleled career in the financial industry and public service, spanning over 50 years. He served as Chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) from 1978 through 1985, working to maintain stability during the banking and thrift crises of the 1980s, when over 3,000 banks and thrifts failed. He also served as Chairman of Fifth Third Bancorp.

Bill Isaac headed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) from 1978 through 1985, during the banking and thrift crises of the 1980s. He worked closely with the late Federal Reserve Board Chairman, Paul Volcker, helping to maintain stability in the financial system during one of the most tumultuous periods in U.S. banking history, when over 3,000 banks and thrifts failed, including many of the largest in the nation. Bill was appointed to the board of the FDIC by President Carter and confirmed by the Senate at the age of 34 and was named Chairman by President Reagan two years later, making him the youngest FDIC board member and chairman in history. Bill also served as chairman of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (1983-85), as a member of the Depository Institutions Deregulation Committee (1981-85), and as a member of the Vice President’s Task Group on Regulation of Financial Services (1984).

In addition to his service as FDIC Chairman, Bill has decades of experience in regulatory counseling and risk management services. He founded The Secura Group, a leading consulting firm, in 1986. Secura was acquired by FTI Consulting in 2011, where he served as senior managing director. Bill then partnered with Howard Milstein in the financial services business, serving on the boards of New York Private Bank & Trust and Emigrant Bank, as well as serving as Chairman of Sarasota Private Trust and Cleveland Private Trust. Bill is focused on expanding the trust business throughout the US.

Bill is former Chairman of Fifth Third Bancorp, one of the nation’s leading banking companies, and is a former board member at TSYS, a leading payment processing company (now part of Global Payments). He has also served on the boards of Amex Bank, The Associates (a finance company formerly owned by Ford Motor Company), TransUnion (a credit reporting company formerly owned by the Pritzker family), and MPs Group (a staffing firm now owned by Adecco).

Today, Bill is a leading commentator and consultant to financial institutions and governments. He is involved extensively in thought leadership relating to the financial industry. Bill is the author of Senseless Panic: How Washington Failed America with a foreword by Paul Volcker. His articles are published in the Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, New York Times, Financial Times, American Banker, and other leading publications. He also appears regularly on television and radio, testifies before Congress, and is a speaker throughout the world.

Bill was formerly a senior partner of Arnold & Porter, which was a founding partner of The Secura Group. He left the firm in 1993 when Secura purchased Arnold & Porter’s interest in the firm. Before his appointment to the FDIC, Bill served as vice president, general counsel and secretary of First Kentucky National Corporation and its subsidiaries, including First National Bank of Louisville and First Kentucky Trust Company. Bill began his career with Foley & Lardner where he practiced general corporate law specializing in banking law.

Bill received a Distinguished Achievement Medal in 1995 from Miami University and a Distinguished Alumnus Award in 2013 from The Ohio State University. He is a former member of the Board of Directors of the Miami University Foundation and is a Life Member of the Board of Directors of The Ohio State University Foundation. In 2016 Bill co-founded the William Isaac & Michael Oxley Center for Business Leadership at Miami University.

Alex J. Pollock

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Alex J. Pollock is a Senior Fellow with the Mises Institute. His career has included being the Principal Deputy Director of the Office of Financial Research in the U.S. Treasury, a fellow at American Enterprise Institute, and President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago. Mr. Pollock focuses on financial policy issues, including financial systems, political finance, central banking, uncertainty and risk, housing finance and financial cycles. He is the author of Boom and Bust and Finance and Philosophy—Why We’re Always Surprised, and co-author of Surprised Again! as well as numerous articles and Congressional testimony. Alex is a graduate of Williams College, the University of Chicago, and Princeton University. He and his wife, Anne, have four grown children and ten grandchildren, and live in Lake Forest, Illinois.

Alex’s work is available at alexjpollock.com.

Todd J. Zywicki

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Todd J. Zywicki is George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law at George Mason University Antonin Scalia School of Law, Research Fellow of the Law & Economics Center, and former Executive Director of the Law and Economics Center. In 2020-21 he served as the Chair of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Task Force on Federal Consumer Financial Law. In 2021 he was inducted into the American College of Consumer Financial Services Lawyers. He served as Chair of the Association of American Law Schools Section on Law & Economics in 2019. From 2003-2004, Professor Zywicki served as the Director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission. In 2009, Professor Zywicki was the recipient of the Institute for Humane Studies 2009 Charles G. Koch Outstanding IHS Alum Award. He served as Co-Editor of the Supreme Court Economic Review from 2006-2017 and as Editor from 2001-2002. He teaches in the area of Bankruptcy, Contracts, Commercial Law, Law & Economics, and Public Choice and the Law. He has also taught at Vanderbilt University Law School, Georgetown University Law Center, Boston College Law School, Mississippi College School of Law, and China University of Political Science and Law.

Professor Zywicki clerked for Judge Jerry E. Smith of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and worked as an associate at Alston & Bird in Atlanta, Georgia, where he practiced bankruptcy and commercial law. He received his JD from the University of Virginia, where he was executive editor of the Virginia Tax Review and John M. Olin Scholar in Law and Economics. Professor Zywicki also received an MA in Economics from Clemson University and an AB cum laude with high honors in his major from Dartmouth College.

Professor Zywicki is the author of more than 130 articles in leading law reviews and peer-reviewed economics journals. He has been one of the Top 50 Most Downloaded Law Authors at the Social Science Research Network, both All Time and during the Past 12 Months, and is currently ranked in the top 10% in total number of downloads for all fields on SSRN. From 2013-2017 and 2010-2014 he was among the ten most-cited faculty in the field of Commercial Law. From 2005-2009 was the eleventh most-highly cited law professor in the fields of Commercial Law and Bankruptcy and the most-cited Commercial Law and Bankruptcy scholar under the age of 45 (at that time). He has testified several times before Congress on issues of consumer bankruptcy law and consumer credit and is a frequent commentator on legal issues in the print and broadcast media, including the Wall Street JournalNew York TimesWashington PostSports IllustratedWashington TimesForbesNightlineNational ReviewNBC Nightly NewsThe Newshour with Jim LehrerFox and Friends, Fox Business, CNN, CNBC, Bloomberg News, BBC, ABC Radio, The Diane Rehm ShowLou Dobbs Radio ShowNeil Cavuto ShowJohn Batchelor Show, and The Laura Ingraham Show. He is a contributor to the popular legal blog The Volokh Conspiracy.

Professor Zywicki is also a Senior Fellow at the F.A. Hayek Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, and has previously served as a Senior Scholar of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University,  Senior Fellow of the Cato Institute, Senior Fellow of the International Center for Law and Economics, a Fellow of the International Centre for Economic Research in Turin, Italy, and Senior Fellow of the Goldwater Institute. During the Fall 2008 Semester Professor Zywicki was the Searle Fellow of the George Mason University School of Law and was a 2008-09 W. Glenn Campbell and Rita Ricardo-Campbell National Fellow and the Arch W. Shaw National Fellow at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace at Stanford University. He has lectured and consulted with government officials around the world, including the European Union, Germany, Canada, Guatemala, Iceland, Italy, Japan, and Romania. In 2006 Professor Zywicki served as a Member of the United States Department of Justice Study Group on “Identifying Fraud, Abuse and Errors in the United States Bankruptcy System.” In 2011 Professor Zywicki delivered the Dean Lindsey Cowen Lecture in Business Law and Regulation at Case Western Reserve School of Law. In 2013 he was invited to deliver a Vision Series Lecture at George Mason University (watch here). In 2013 he delivered the Jack R. Lee Chair of Financial Institutions and Consumer Finance Lecture at Mississippi State University School of Business. He was awarded the 2012 Society for the Development of Austrian Economics prize for “Best Article in Austrian Economics” for his article “Hayekian Anarchism” (co-authored with Edward Peter Stringham).

Professor Zywicki is a member of the board of trustees or advisory board of numerous nonprofit and educational organizations, including the Board of Directors of the Institute for Humane Studies, the Board of Directors of the The Bill of Rights Institute, the Executive Committee for the Federalist Society’s Financial Institutions and E-Commerce Practice Group, the Board of Trustees of the Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment (FREE), the Board of Trustees of the Center for Excellence in Higher Education, and the Competitive Enterprise Institute (where he also previously served as Chairman). He also previously served on the Advisory Council of the Centro para el Analisis de las Decisiones PublicasUniversidad de Francisco Marroquin, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Public Choice Center at University of Francisco Marroquin). He has also served as Chair of the Academic Advisory Council for The Bill of Rights Institute, the film “We the People in IMAX,” and the McCormick-Tribune Foundation “Freedom Museum” in Chicago, Illinois. From 2005-2009 he served as an elected Alumni Trustee of the Dartmouth College Board of Trustees. He is a member of the Board of Visitors of Ralston College and was a trustee of Yorktown University.